They are very familiar to us. We can feel comfortable and relaxed with them. Before we recognized the fact, they have been our best friends. “Animals are”. The history about animals with human throws back to ancient period. In many mythologies, animals were described like human or god. Also there are a lot of the walls of murals and tombs of the post-Bronze Age which demonstrated reliably dogs with human. In Homer’s Odyssey (c. 8th Century BC), it illustrates how faithful a dog ‘Argos’ is for Odysseus [1]. Animals have been associated with human intimately in many aspects after that time. They have become our family or have been used for treatment of human and have played an important part on education of children.
Animal-Human bond (A-H bond) influences noticeably on human health for a long time. In 1860, Florence Nightingale said “a small pet is often an excellent companion for the sick, for long chronic cases especially.” Actually, many medical experts have revealed the values of A-H bond on human health. According to Friedmann et al, pet-health link attributed affirmatively to the survival rates of patients with cardiovascular disease like myocardial infarction or angina pectoralis [2]. Odendaal and Meintjes also revealed that mean arterial blood pressure (BP) of 18 adults declined after they interacted with 18 altered dogs [3]. Low mean arterial BP means a good factor on cardiovascular system reducing risk of disease. Animals help not only adult patients more healthier, but also they bring about higher quality of life for very weak pediatric patients with cancer because animal-facilitated therapy reduce pain, adjustment problem, mood fluctuation, and symptom, physiologically and or psychologically [4]. In addition, the animal use on the therapy results in the functional improvement of a various disabilities with central neurologic impairment like stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy [5, 6, 7]. They showed that therapeutic horseback riding programs improved rehabilitation potentials. Also, Charnetski and Riggers’s research showed that immune function of participants got better significantly after when they petted a dog compared with control group [8]. These changes of immunological reaction enable people to gain ability against the infective antigen. As modern society suffers a lot of changes and human has more tense and distracted, the necessary of pets are increasing [9]. According to Walsh PhD, animals afford the recreation and refilling on human with interaction without any comment and any criticism. By the interaction between animal and human, we alleviate our stress and bring up our sociability positively without burdens associated with interpersonal relationship. The authors, Baun et al, describe in Handbook on animal-assisted therapy that seniors with companion pets get higher quality of life, and have worthy in themselves [10]. Furthermore, pets support elderly people to follow daily life schedule and induce their movement and well-fare [9]. Therefore, pets improve companion’s activities of daily life. The other study about women’s stress with spousal bereavement represents that pets play an advantageous role in restoration from their sadness and reducing feeling of loneliness [11]. They told that there were no societal affectation and no prejudice in the relationship between women and their pets. By Professor Mueller KM, animals are able to offer a virtue for the youth development, especially self-regulation skill and ethical development which is tied to individual socialization ability [12]. Moreover, Edney, a famous expert of A-H bond noted the encouraging socializing influence of animals on social problem with children [13]. The author said “…it might be possible to reduce the levels of crime and other antisocial behavior in young people by encouraging nurturing traits by the careful introduction of companion animals”. Therefore, we can surmise that A-H bond is very helpful in the social problem solving of disadvantaged group. In 1998, a huge survey concerning the effect of animals on class was carried out by 1999 elementary school teachers all the way through the State of Indiana in USA [14]. Investigators accomplished that the animals helped the teachers educate the students in behavioral and educational aspects. They appealed that utilizing animals had realistic effects on teaching in the class. Professor Wendy LS at Southeastern Louisiana University noted “There is no limit to ways that animals can be incorporated into the curriculum” in her article [15]. Animal-Assist Activities (AAA) actually help students learn many subjects like economics, social studies, math, reading, writing, art, health, etc [15]. Additional research represents that animals help students perform their works with high motivation, stable emotion, and provision of sociability [16, 17, 18]. Also, animals have nonverbal communication, special way which is helpful to children. As children with poor empathic ability try to interpret this communication between animals and human through animal’s gesture, facial expression and sound of crying or twittering, they make ease understanding of nonverbal communication between friends [19. 20]. AAA has many benefits for children in terms of the various educational effects. In western idiom, there is “Dog is man’s best friend”. As well as dog, numerous animals have helped human in many ways like improving health, supporting social ability and assisting education from children to elder people. Even, there are some studies about a social role of a companion robot in the rapidly changing modern world [21, 22]. It is imperative that we pay attention to infinite prospect of other companion (inhuman) - human bond.
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I have an 8 year-old son who is very curious and smart. He always wonders about new things around him and spent a lot of time on exploring his works. However, he is stubborn, too. When I recommend him to do homework like solving the math problems that he needs to do to help him improve his academic ability, he is frozen, especially if he doesn’t want to do it. I have had a plenty of experiences with him. First, I just was angry and couldn’t stand the situation. As time has gone by, I started to realize what my problem is about him. The point is that “subject” is not me but him. When he knew why he had to do it, why I recommended him to do it, at last, he moved on that. It was very simple that I just explained the reason to him. I couldn’t do anything. That is the thing he did by himself.
In 1950s, my home country, South Korea was ranked with one of poorest country across the globe [1]. As we suffered from Japan’s colonial occupation for 35 years and the Korean War for 4 years, we were ravaged in whole aspects of the nation. However, since 1960, we have been developing to the well-fixed country with the key alteration over the nation [1]. There are huge differences between 50 years ago and now in South Korea. They are especially economy, education and health.
First, the economy is a big difference between 50 years ago and now of South Korea. In macroeconomic index, the GNP was 844 billion KRW in 1953 [2]; however, the GDP was 1,377.5 trillion KRW in 2012 [3]. Also, the Exports and imports in 1953 were 17 billion KRW, 109.4 billion KRW [2], yet those in 2012 developed remarkably to 776.1 trillion KRW, 737.6 trillion KRW [3]. These ought to be the outstanding achievements to be made within 50 years despite the Korean War. Furthermore, gross saving rate in 1953 was 13.1%, but the rate in 2010 was 32.0% [4]. And private saving rate in 1953 was 11.1% and the rate was 25.2% in 2010 [4]. According to Professor Pyo HK, the noticeable growth of private saving rate was affected by private educational enlargement compared with public education. Second, a comparison between 50 years ago and now of South Korea demonstrates radical differences in health, especially medicine. By report of Statistics Korea, there were 3,571 hospitals and 3,973 doctors in 1952 [5]. In contrast, there were 51,414 hospitals in 2014 [6] and 109,673 doctors in 2013 [7]. These figures mean that the South Korean medicine has been increasing on a large scale through 50 years. For another example, the immunization rate differs between 50 years ago and now. In accordance with statistics of Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea, there were 71,186 of DTaP, 147,274 of B.C.G. in 1956 [7]. On the other hand, the 4 times rate of DTaP vaccination was 96.8% and the 3 times rate of Hepatitis B vaccination was 99.6% in 2013 [7]. Immunization was very important to infectious disease in past South Korea because it influenced the nation’s health [8]. So the government has enforced the national immunization service and these results stand for the success of their efforts. Finally, South Korea 50 years ago and South Korea now differ tremendously in education. After the Korean War, on February 16th, 1951, the government announced “The special measure of the education under war” to reconstruct the education system which was destroyed by war. According to Kyunghyang Shinmun May 3rd 1980, in those days, there were 3,942 schools, 47,248 teachers and 2,658,020 students, so the number of students per a teacher was 56 in South Korea [9]. The government encouraged the students including original residents and evacuees all to keep their study. They built up several temporary schools and published text books. And to continue the policy of the compulsory education that was proclaimed before the war, they restarted the 6 year-plan of compulsory education to increase the percentage of school attendance. In 1954, 2,678,987 students studied at school, so the percentage was 82.5% [10]. On the database of Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation, 2015 report, there are 6,771,380 students, 20,456 schools and 489,515 teachers in South Korea [11]. Therefore, the ratio of the number of students per a teacher decreased remarkably to 18. Moreover, the quality and quantity of education is greatly varied. Nowadays there are many diverse types of high schools in South Korea which are creative and progressive. To illustrate, those are science schools, international schools, art schools, physical education schools, specialization schools, and autonomous schools, etc. [11] After 1998, the compulsory education of 9 years was established by law and has continued up to now. So the percentage of elementary school attendance has reached to 100%. And the middle school entrance rate has increased 99.9%, too [12]. In conclusion, South Korea underwent the many changes from 1950s to 2010s in economy, health and education. And the country is going on facing the new changes for ever. So I desire that we have to concentrate on the other pending issues like our quality of life and the growth of our population if we want to continue these positive changes.
The policeman was listening to the boy - maybe 3 or 4 year old bending his waist fully and gently to reach him. The boy had called the policeman among many crowed people. He might have been lost his parents. If he had walked along with holding his mother’s hand, he would not have lost them. If the policeman had not seen clearly the boy, the great scene would not be known widely. If the boy had not been doing politely, pretty with folding his hands, the policeman would not have looked at the boy smiling and gazing at him.
Thousand years ago, in one legend, there had been a beautiful castle on the mainland where many people live with lovely, peaceful and delight life. In freezing midnight, the weather was awful thunder with strong wind all night. A mysterious crow was flying over the castle threatening people with scream. A witch on the bloom put a curse on the castle since the king had misunderstood that the witch had stolen the royal heirloom, the golden ring. However, she hadn’t done, so she had planned the revenge to the castle and whole people who lived in there.
Suddenly, the castle was rising into the sky due to witch’s black magic. The people’s life had dramatic change into horrible havoc. People who trembled with fear were trying to escape from the castle. As soon as they did, the witch caught them and sucked the whole fresh blood of the people. In addition, the witch changed the people into Voodoo dolls and stuck them on the wall of the castle. Every full moon night, the witch always appeared again to the castle and performed the ghoulish ceremony with same way. If the king hadn’t misunderstood the witch, the people would not have been killed by the frighten way.
I hope I will not regret my life when I will die. I want to do something as much as my heart leads me. I asked myself what to do. First, I always have had a dream that I sing a song. I love to sing wherever I am. Without instrumental accompaniment, it is a fantastic experience to sing together with several harmonies. After restarting singing I seem to feel that I return to my real life. Second, I want to be alone with my husband for 2 days. I forget often who I am and who he is. For some time, living as a mother and wife is familiar to me. However, I will stand to him as a human not a mother, not a wife. If we have the meaningful time, we will realize the precious person to each other. Consequently, I expect to go to Edinburgh. When I went to the UK at my first backpacking, I missed Edinburgh. I have repented not to go there. I don’t know why I want to go there exactly. I may just feel the foreign small city purely like I become the British. If not, I’d like to be there as it is. When I finish the traveling to Edinburgh, I will find some place to be another foreigner. I guess that I want to become a stranger that nobody knows me.
There is huge differences between 50 years ago and now of South Korea. They are especially economy, education and health. First, Economy is a big difference between 50 years ago and now of South Korea. In macroeconomic index, the GNP was 844 billion KRW in 1953 [1]; however, the GDP was 1,377.5 trillion KRW in 2012 [2]. Also, the Exports and imports in 1953 were 17 billion KRW, 109.4 billion KRW [1], yet those in 2012 developed remarkably to 776.1 trillion KRW, 737.6 trillion KRW [2]. These ought to be the outstanding achievements to be made within 50 years despite the Korean War. Furthermore, gross saving rate in 1953 was 13.1%, but the rate in 2010 was 32.0% [3]. And private saving rate in 1953 was 11.1% and the rate was 25.2% in 2010 [3]. According to professor Pyo, he described that the noticeable growth of private saving rate was affected by private educational enlargement compared with public education.
Second, a comparison between 50 years ago and now of South Korea demonstrates radical differences in health, especially medicine. By report of Statistics Korea, there were 3,571 hospitals and 3,973 doctors in 1952 [4]. In contrast, there were 51,414 hospitals in 2014 [5] and 109,673 doctors in 2013 [6]. These figures are applicable to dozens of number, and mean that medicine of South Korea increases on a large scale through 50 years. For another example, immunization rate differs between 50 years ago and now. In accordance with statistic of Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea, there were 71,186 of DTaP, 147,274 of B.C.G. in 1956 [6]. On the other hand, the 4 times rate of DTaP vaccination was 96.8% and the 3 times rate of Hepatitis B vaccination was 99.6% in 2013 [6]. Immunization was very important to infectious disease in past South Korea because it influenced on nation health [7]. So the government has enforced the national immunization service and these results seem to mean the success of their efforts. Finally, 50 years ago and now of South Korea differ in education. After the Korean War, on February 16th, 1951, the government announced “The special measure of the education under war” to reconstruct the education system which was destroyed by war. According to Kyunghyang shinmun May 3rd 1980, in those days, there were 3,942 schools, 47,248 teachers and 2,658,020 students, so the number of student per a teacher was 56 in South Korea [8]. The government encouraged the student including original resident and evacuee all to keep their study. They built up the several temporary schools and published the text books. And to continue the policy of the compulsory education that was proclaimed before the war, they restarted the 6 years plan of compulsory education to increase the percentage of school attendance. At 1954, 2,678,987 students studied at school, so the percentage was 82.5% [9]. On database of Korea Institute for curriculum and evaluation, 2015 report, there are 6,771,380 students, 20,456 schools and 489,515 teachers in South Korea [10]. Therefore, the ratio of the number of student per a teacher is decreasing remarkably to 18. The quality and quantity of education is greatly varied. Nowadays there are many diverse types of high school in South Korea which are creative and progressive. To illustrate, those are science school, international school, art school, physical education of school, specialization school, and autonomous school, etc. [10] In 1998, the compulsory education of 9 years was established by law and has continued up to now. So the percentage of elementary school attendance reaches to 100% and the middle school entrance rate runs into 99.9%, too [11].
There are two significant differences in health care issue between Clinton and Trump. First thing is a difference in the position about Oabamacare. For example, Clinton notes, ‘Sixteen million Americans have gained coverage.’ It is that sixteen million people in USA have achieved applicability. Trump says, ‘… there are a lot of people that still don’t have insurance…people that had good insurance now have bad insurance…’ It means that many Americans yet have no insurance and after that, people have worse insurance than before. Furthermore, according to Clinton, ‘I’ve fought for the promise of quality, affordable health care…’ She has tried to keep her word about standard, appropriacy of health insurance. In contrast, Trump has claimed that it needs alteration. Second thing is a difference in legal validity of abortion. For instance, Clinton points out, ‘… we need to protect access to sage and legal abortion…’ She claims that we have to protect the way to safe and legal abortion virtually. She comments that all women must have the rights to decide their lives fairly. On the other hand, previous Trump’s word about it was very vague that we were not able to know his position.
Marc Chagall said “Great art picks up at a certain point where nature ends”. When I went in the Museum of the Modern Art, I felt great art’s certain point at Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh. At the moment I stood in front of that, I froze without closing my mouth, because I couldn’t get away from every single touch that expressed the starry light. I think there is everything of starry night. For example, they are more brightness of moon, a little bit sadness of star, coldness of night, etc.
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